مصنوعی ذہانت اور اسلامی فقہ: اصولی اور مقاصدی فکرمیں منہجی چیلنجز

Artificial Intelligence and Islamic Jurisprudence: Methodological Challenges in Usūlī and Maqāṣidī Thought”

Abstract

The pervasive integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into contemporary decision-making environments necessitates a rigorous re-evaluation of its intersection with Uṣūl al-Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence). As algorithmic systems increasingly mediate legal reasoning, determining their role within the classical framework of Ijtihād is imperative for preserving the integrity of Shariah-based derivation in the digital age. This research critically interrogates the ontological and epistemological disruptions posed by algorithmic determinism to the traditional praxis of Ijtihād, examining whether machine logic can transcend its status as a computational tool to assume a normative role in legal inference. Adopting a qualitative and interdisciplinary hermeneutic approach, the study bridges the gap between classical juristic canons and modern computational logic by synthesizing technological ethics with the procedural rigors of Uṣūl theory. The inquiry follows a tripartite framework: a "Textual Archaeology" of Taḥqīq al-Manāṭ and Istiqrā’ (Induction) as formulated by Imams al-Ghazālī and al-Shāṭibī; an assessment of the epistemological correlation between machine learning and juristic induction; and the development of a "Teleological Filtration" system anchored in Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah. The study concludes that while AI serves as a potent "Cognitive Auxiliary" for contextual verification (Taḥqīq al-Manāṭ), it remains ontologically precluded from the station of a Mujtahid. Since the derivation of Ḥukm Sharʿī is an irreducibly human, conscious, and revelation-contingent enterprise, the research proposes an "AI-Assisted Ijtihad Framework". This model prioritizes human agency and utilizes "Explainable AI" (XAI) to safeguard against algorithmic biases and digital colonialism, ensuring technology remains a servant of revelation rather than its master.